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Kitchen and bathroom faucets were limited to a flow rate of 2.2 gpm (gallons per minute) at 60 psi, and residential shower heads were limited to a flowrate of 2.5 gpm at 80 psi. [ 3 ] In response to an increasing number of water shortages and increased water utility rates there has been recent legislation by many states leading the way in water ...
A flow limiter or flow restrictor is a device to restrict the flow of a fluid, in general a gas or a liquid. [1] Some designs use single stage or multi-stage orifice plates to handle high and low flow rates. Flow limiters are often used in manufacturing plants as well as households. Safety is usually the main purpose of using a flow limiter.
A control valve is a valve used to control fluid flow by varying the size of the flow passage as directed by a signal from a controller. [1] This enables the direct control of flow rate and the consequential control of process quantities such as pressure , temperature , and liquid level.
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
These types of valves are also known as automatic control valves. The hydraulic actuators respond to changes of pressure or flow and will open/close the valve. Automatic control valves do not require an external power source, meaning that the fluid pressure is enough to open and close them.
Turning a valve knob or lever adjusts flow by varying the aperture of the control device in the valve assembly. The result when opened in any degree is a choked flow . Its rate is independent of the viscosity or temperature of the fluid or gas in the pipe, and depends only weakly on the supply pressure , so that flow rate is stable at a given ...