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The different antioxidants are present at a wide range of concentrations in body fluids and tissues, with some such as glutathione or ubiquinone mostly present within cells, while others such as uric acid are more systemically distributed (see table below). Some antioxidants are only found in a few organisms, and can be pathogens or virulence ...
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) (EC 1.14.13.97) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine, which in humans is encoded by CYP3A4 gene. It oxidizes small foreign organic molecules ( xenobiotics ), such as toxins or drugs, so that they can be removed from the body.
This family of fat-soluble substances is present in all respiring eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria. [1] Ninety-five percent of the human body's energy is generated this way. [12] Organs with the highest energy requirements—such as the heart, liver, and kidney—have the highest CoQ 10 concentrations. [13] [14] [15] [16]
Antioxidants are helpful in reducing and preventing damage from free radical reactions because of their ability to donate electrons which neutralize the radical without forming another. Vitamin C, for example, can lose an electron to a free radical and remain stable itself by passing its unstable electron around the antioxidant molecule.
But similar methods are not available for other tissues and for the extrathyroidal organs. Many researchers reported different numbers of 10–50 mg of the total iodine content in human body". [4] [5] Selenium also plays a very important role in the production of glutathione, the body's most powerful antioxidant.
[7] [8] According to Frei, "we can now follow the activity of flavonoids in the body, and one thing that is clear is that the body sees them as foreign compounds and is trying to get rid of them." [ 8 ] Another mechanism may be the increase in activities of paraoxonases by dietary antioxidants which can reduce oxidative stress .
Antioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating lipid peroxidation by neutralizing free radicals, thereby halting radical chain reactions. Key antioxidants include vitamin C and vitamin E . [ 8 ] Additionally, enzymes including superoxide dismutase , catalase , and peroxidase contribute to the oxidation response by reducing the presence of ...
The 1992 study actually found the maximum safe dietary Se intake to be approximately 800 micrograms per day (15 micrograms per kilogram body weight), but suggested 400 micrograms per day to not only avoid toxicity, but also to avoid creating an imbalance of nutrients in the diet and to account for data from other countries. [17]