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The CLTD/CLF/SCL (cooling load temperature difference/cooling load factor/solar cooling load factor) cooling load calculation method was first introduced in the 1979 ASHRAE Cooling and Heating Load Manual (GRP-158) [1] The CLTD/CLF/SCL Method is regarded as a reasonably accurate approximation of the total heat gains through a building envelope ...
R-value is the temperature difference per unit of heat flux needed to sustain one unit of heat flux between the warmer surface and colder surface of a barrier under steady-state conditions. The measure is therefore equally relevant for lowering energy bills for heating in the winter, for cooling in the summer, and for general comfort.
Absolute thermal resistance is the temperature difference across a structure when a unit of heat energy flows through it in unit time. It is the reciprocal of thermal conductance . The SI unit of absolute thermal resistance is kelvins per watt (K/W) or the equivalent degrees Celsius per watt (°C/W) – the two are the same since the intervals ...
˙ is the rate of heat transfer out of the body (SI unit: watt), ˙ = is the heat transfer coefficient (assumed independent of T and averaged over the surface) (SI unit: W/(m 2 ⋅K)), is the heat transfer surface area (SI unit: m 2),
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]
Randa Ghattas, Franz-Joseph Ulm and Alison Ledwith, also at MIT, write that "It [thermal mass] is dependent on the relationship between the specific heat capacity, density, thickness and conductivity of a material" [2] although they don't provide a unit, describing materials only as "low" or "high" thermal mass.
A radiator is a device that transfers heat to a medium primarily through thermal radiation.In practice, the term radiator is often applied to any number of devices in which a fluid circulates through exposed pipes (often with fins or other means of increasing surface area), notwithstanding that such devices tend to transfer heat mainly by convection and might logically be called convectors.
In physics and engineering, heat flux or thermal flux, sometimes also referred to as heat flux density [1], heat-flow density or heat-flow rate intensity, is a flow of energy per unit area per unit time. Its SI units are watts per square metre (W/m 2). It has both a direction and a magnitude, and so it is a vector quantity.