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PDFtk (short for PDF Toolkit) is a toolkit for manipulating Portable Document Format (PDF) documents. [3] [4] It runs on Linux, Windows and macOS. [5] It comes in three versions: PDFtk Server (open-source command-line tool), PDFtk Free and PDFtk Pro (proprietary paid). [2] It is able to concatenate, shuffle, split and rotate PDF files.
MojoWorld Generator – a defunct landscape generator for Windows; openPlaG – creates fractals by plotting simple functions; Picogen - a cross platform open source terrain generator; Sterling – freeware software for Windows; Terragen – a fractal terrain generator that can render animations for Windows and Mac OS X
Lotus 1-2-3 is a discontinued spreadsheet program from Lotus Software (later part of IBM).It was the first killer application of the IBM PC, was hugely popular in the 1980s, and significantly contributed to the success of IBM PC-compatibles in the business market.
Apache OpenOffice from version 3.0 can import Office Open XML files but not save them. [46] Version 3.2 improved this feature with read support even for password-protected Office Open XML files. [47] [48] [49] The Go-oo fork of OpenOffice could also write OOXML files. KOffice from version 2.2 and later was able to import OOXML files.
Sections of an MPS file are marked by so-called header cards, which are distinguished by their starting in column 1. Although it is typical to use upper-case throughout the file for historical reasons, many MPS-readers will accept mixed-case for anything except the header cards, and some allow mixed-case anywhere.
where is the volume fraction of the fibers in the composite (and is the volume fraction of the matrix).. If it is assumed that the composite material behaves as a linear-elastic material, i.e., abiding Hooke's law = for some elastic modulus of the composite and some strain of the composite , then equations 1 and 2 can be combined to give
In multilinear algebra, a tensor contraction is an operation on a tensor that arises from the canonical pairing of a vector space and its dual.In components, it is expressed as a sum of products of scalar components of the tensor(s) caused by applying the summation convention to a pair of dummy indices that are bound to each other in an expression.
L-system trees form realistic models of natural patterns. An L-system or Lindenmayer system is a parallel rewriting system and a type of formal grammar.An L-system consists of an alphabet of symbols that can be used to make strings, a collection of production rules that expand each symbol into some larger string of symbols, an initial "axiom" string from which to begin construction, and a ...