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Kyanite is a typically blue aluminosilicate mineral, found in aluminium-rich metamorphic pegmatites and sedimentary rock. It is the high pressure polymorph of andalusite and sillimanite , and the presence of kyanite in metamorphic rocks generally indicates metamorphism deep in the Earth's crust .
Kainite (/ ˈ k aɪ n aɪ t / or / ˈ k eɪ n aɪ t /) [4] (KMg(SO 4)Cl·3H 2 O) is an evaporite mineral in the class of "Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H 2 O" according to the Nickel–Strunz classification.
The name eclogite is derived from the Ancient Greek word for 'choice' (εκλογή, eklogḗ), meaning 'chosen rock' on account of its perceived beauty. It was first named by René Just Haüy in 1822 in the second edition of his work Traité de minéralogie .
An example is provided by the aluminium silicate minerals, kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite. All three have the identical composition, Al 2 SiO 5. Kyanite is stable at surface conditions. However, at atmospheric pressure, kyanite transforms to andalusite at a temperature of about 190 °C (374 °F).
The minerals kyanite and sillimanite are polymorphs of andalusite, each occurring under different temperature-pressure regimes and are therefore rarely found together in the same rock. Because of this the three minerals are a useful tool to help identify the pressure-temperature paths of the host rock in which they are found.
A metamorphic facies is a set of mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks formed under similar pressures and temperatures. [1] The assemblage is typical of what is formed in conditions corresponding to an area on the two dimensional graph of temperature vs. pressure (See diagram in Figure 1). [1]
It occurs with almandine garnet, micas, kyanite; as well as albite, biotite, and sillimanite in gneiss and schist of regional metamorphic rocks. [7] It is the official state mineral of the U.S. state of Georgia and is also to be found in the Lepontine Alps in Switzerland. Staurolite is most commonly found in Fannin County, Georgia. [8]
Sillimanite or fibrolite is one of three aluminosilicate polymorphs, the other two being andalusite and kyanite.A common variety of sillimanite is known as fibrolite, so named because the mineral appears like a bunch of fibres twisted together when viewed in thin section or even by the naked eye.