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Compared to traditional solid slabs, the reduced self-weight of biaxial slabs allows for longer spans and/or reduced deck thickness. The overall mass of concrete can be reduced by 35–50% depending on the design, [ 1 ] as a consequence of reduced slab mass, as well as lower requirements for vertical structure and foundations.
Once this is defined, design code gives standard prescriptions for w/c ratio, the cement content, and the thickness of the concrete cover. This approach represents an improvement step for the durability design of reinforced concrete structures, it is suitable for the design of ordinary structures designed with traditional materials (Portland ...
A slab is ground-bearing if it rests directly on the foundation, otherwise the slab is suspended. [3] For multi-story buildings, there are several common slab designs (see § Design for more types): Beam and block, also referred to as rib and block, is mostly used in residential and industrial applications. This slab type is made up of pre ...
The precast concrete slab has tubular voids extending the full length of the slab, typically with a diameter equal to the 2/3–3/4 the thickness of the slab. This makes the slab much lighter than a massive solid concrete floor slab of equal thickness or strength. The reduced weight also lowers material and transportation costs.
Waffle slab foundations adhere to International Building Code requirements. By 2008, most states put into effect the changes adopted in the 2006 IBC and, in regards to foundations, the on-grade mat foundation has become a more attractive design because, as an engineered system, it already accommodates the 2008 design recommendations, and required no major modifications to bring it into compliance.
A multistorey car park in Hradec Králové, Czech Republic The interior of a shopping mall's parking garage in Kungälv, Sweden. A multistorey car park [1] [2] (Commonwealth English) or parking garage (American English), [1] also called a multistorey, [3] parking building, parking structure, parkade (), parking ramp, parking deck, or indoor parking, is a building designed for car, motorcycle ...
Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility.
A sufficient thickness of concrete cover is thus required in order to slow down the carbonatation process towards the rebar. The minimum concrete cover will depend on the environmental conditions encountered and must be thicker when the concrete is also exposed to moisture and chloride (proximity to the sea, use of de-icing salt for bridges or ...