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Flajolet–Martin algorithm. The Flajolet–Martin algorithm is an algorithm for approximating the number of distinct elements in a stream with a single pass and space-consumption logarithmic in the maximal number of possible distinct elements in the stream (the count-distinct problem).
e. In computational learning theory, probably approximately correct (PAC) learning is a framework for mathematical analysis of machine learning. It was proposed in 1984 by Leslie Valiant. [1] In this framework, the learner receives samples and must select a generalization function (called the hypothesis) from a certain class of possible functions.
Group theory has three main historical sources: number theory, the theory of algebraic equations, and geometry. The number-theoretic strand was begun by Leonhard Euler, and developed by Gauss's work on modular arithmetic and additive and multiplicative groups related to quadratic fields.
In group theory, Cayley's theorem, named in honour of Arthur Cayley, states that every group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of a symmetric group. [1] More specifically, G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group whose elements are the permutations of the underlying set of G. Explicitly, The homomorphism can also be understood as ...
Blossom algorithm. In graph theory, the blossom algorithm is an algorithm for constructing maximum matchings on graphs. The algorithm was developed by Jack Edmonds in 1961, [1] and published in 1965. [2] Given a general graph G = (V, E), the algorithm finds a matching M such that each vertex in V is incident with at most one edge in M and |M ...
The group consisting of all permutations of a set M is the symmetric group of M. p-group. If p is a prime number, then a p -group is one in which the order of every element is a power of p. A finite group is a p -group if and only if the order of the group is a power of p. p-subgroup. A subgroup that is also a p-group.
In computer science, a semaphore is a variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems in a concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system. Semaphores are a type of synchronization primitive. A trivial semaphore is a plain variable that is changed (for ...
Block (permutation group theory) In mathematics and group theory, a block system for the action of a group G on a set X is a partition of X that is G-invariant. In terms of the associated equivalence relation on X, G -invariance means that. x ~ y implies gx ~ gy. for all g ∈ G and all x, y ∈ X.