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Danish Growth Fund / Export and Investment Fund of Denmark [56] 4. Non-commodity. Nigeria. Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority / Bayelsa Development and Investment Corporation. 2. Oil & Gas. Ghana. Ghana Petroleum Funds / Ghana Infrastructure Investment Fund.
As the world's dominant reserve currency, the United States dollar has been a major currency for trading oil. [10] [11] In August 2018, Venezuela joined the group of countries that allow their oil to be purchased in currencies other than US dollars, thus allowing purchases in Euros, Yuan and other directly convertible currencies. [3]
Several European microstates outside the EU have adopted the euro as their currency. For EU sanctioning of this adoption, a monetary agreement must be concluded. Prior to the launch of the euro, agreements were reached with Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City by EU member states (Italy in the case of San Marino and Vatican City, and France in the case of Monaco) allowing them to use the euro ...
These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g., the U.S. dollar, the euro, the pound sterling, the Japanese yen, the Indian rupee, and the Swiss franc) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g., the local currency issued and the ...
In 2017, energy products accounted for around 60% of the EU's total imports from Russia. [25] 30% of the EU's petroleum oil imports and 39% of total gas imports came from Russia in 2017. For Estonia, Poland, Slovakia and Finland, more than 75% of their imports of petroleum oils originated in Russia.
As the recessionary condition of the world economy made investment in corporations less attractive, bankers and well-financed governments lent much of the money directly to the governments of developing countries, especially in Latin America such as Brazil and Argentina [12] as well as other major developing countries like Turkey. The 1973 oil ...
Map of countries with proven oil reserves - according to US EIA (start of 2017) Trends in proven oil reserves in top five countries, 1980–2013 (data from US Energy Information Administration) A map of world oil reserves according to OPEC, January 2014
Top 5 oil-producing countries 1980–2022 World oil production. This is a list of countries by oil production (i.e., petroleum production), as compiled from the U.S. Energy Information Administration database for calendar year 2023, tabulating all countries on a comparable best-estimate basis.