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Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. [1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Brain atrophy can be classified into two ...
Silent stroke. A silent stroke (or asymptomatic cerebral infarction) is a stroke that does not have any outward symptoms associated with stroke, and the patient is typically unaware they have suffered a stroke. Despite not causing identifiable symptoms, a silent stroke still causes damage to the brain and places the patient at increased risk ...
Hydrocephalus is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occurs within the brain. [1] This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment.
Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull. [4] When this condition occurs in the spinal canal, it is known as a spinal epidural hematoma. [4] There may be loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of ...
Computed tomography of the head uses a series of X-rays in a CT scan of the head taken from many different directions; the resulting data is transformed into a series of cross sections of the brain using a computer program. [1] CT images of the head are used to investigate and diagnose brain injuries and other neurological conditions, as well ...
Schizencephaly (from Greek skhizein 'to split' and enkephalos 'brain') [1][2] is a rare birth defect of the brain, characterized by abnormal clefts lined with grey matter that form the ependyma of the cerebral ventricles to the pia mater. These clefts can occur bilaterally or unilaterally. Common clinical features of this malformation include ...
Neuroimaging. Neuroimaging is the use of quantitative (computational) techniques to study the structure and function of the central nervous system, developed as an objective way of scientifically studying the healthy human brain in a non-invasive manner. Increasingly it is also being used for quantitative research studies of brain disease and ...
A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [5] TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury ...