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The effects of early-life exposures to anesthesia on the brain in humans are controversial. Evidence from nonhuman primate research suggests significant developmental neurotoxicity and long-term social impairment, with a dose–response relationship where repeated exposures cause a more severe impact than single ones.
Pediatric Anesthesia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley and Sons covering research on the use of anesthetics in children. The current editor-in-chief is Andrew Davidson ( University of Melbourne ).
Sevoflurane is an inhaled anesthetic that is often used to induce and maintain anesthesia in children for surgery. [17] During the process of awakening from the medication, it has been associated with a high incidence (>30%) of agitation and delirium in preschool children undergoing minor noninvasive surgery. [17]
Chronic pain can develop from disease or injury and co-occur with acute pain. Children who experience chronic pain can have psychological effects. Caring for a child in pain may cause distress to the caregiver, may cause costs due to healthcare or lost wages from time off work, and may stop caregivers from leaving the house. [citation needed]
Anesthesia is a combination of the endpoints (discussed above) that are reached by drugs acting on different but overlapping sites in the central nervous system. General anesthesia (as opposed to sedation or regional anesthesia) has three main goals: lack of movement , unconsciousness, and blunting of the stress response. In the early days of ...
Ketamine is an option in children as the sole anesthetic for minor procedures or as an induction agent followed by neuromuscular blocker and tracheal intubation. [42] In particular, children with cyanotic heart disease and neuromuscular disorders are good candidates for ketamine anesthesia. [40] [48]
The Pediatric Anesthetic Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale or the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium may be used to measure the severity of this condition in children. [2] [3] In this patient population, emergence delirium is typically identified within the first 30 minutes of recovery from anesthesia. It terminates within five to fifteen ...
Amnesia is desirable during surgery, so general anaesthesia procedures are designed to induce it for the duration of the operation. Sedatives such as benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for anxiety disorders, can reduce the encoding of new memories, particularly in high doses (for example, prior to surgery in order for a person not to recall the surgery). [2]