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The indirect pathway, sometimes known as the indirect pathway of movement, is a neuronal circuit through the basal ganglia and several associated nuclei within the central nervous system (CNS) which helps to prevent unwanted muscle contractions from competing with voluntary movements. [1] It operates in conjunction with the direct pathway.
English: Connection diagram of the basal ganglia. Glutamatergic pathways are red, dopaminergic pathways are magenta and GABAergic pathways are blue. GPe = Globus Pallidus external; GPi = Globus Pallidus internal; STN = SubThalamic Nucleus; SNpr = Pars Reticulata portion of Substantia Nigra; SNpc = Pars Compacta portion of Substantia Nigra
The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates.In humans and other primates, differences exist, primarily in the division of the globus pallidus into external and internal regions, and in the division of the striatum.
Indirect and direct pathways.Some neuroanatomy is excluded for simplicity.. The two major input structures of the circuit are the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The striatum receives inputs from both the cortex and the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNc), while the STN only receives cortical inputs.
The indirect pathway is responsible for the termination of movement. The indirect pathway inhibits unwanted movements by simultaneous increase in excitatory input to other GPi and SNr neurons. [4] Similar to the direct pathway, the indirect pathway is regulated by striatal dopamine. D 2 dopamine receptors inhibit transmission via the indirect ...
As the pathway from the striatum to the medial globus pallidus is monosynaptic (containing one synapse), it is called the direct pathway. The indirect pathway, which contains the GPe and the subthalamic nucleus, functions to modulate the effects of the direct pathway. The GPe acts as an inhibitory "control device", adjusting subthalamic nucleus ...
The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia which facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movement. [1] It works in conjunction with the indirect pathway.
These fibers are projections to the ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamus from the basal ganglia (globus pallidus) and the cerebellum. H 1 is separated from H 2 by the zona incerta. Field H 2 (synonymous with lenticular fasciculus) is also made up of projections from the pallidum to the thalamus, but these course the subthalamic nucleus ...