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Initiatives and referendums—collectively known as "ballot measures", "propositions", or simply "questions"—differ from most legislation passed by representative democracies; ordinarily, an elected legislative body develops and passes laws. Initiatives and referendums, by contrast, allow citizens to vote directly on legislation.
Thurgau: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1869. 20,000 signatures (13% of all adult citizens) are required to trigger a recall referendum. There have been no recall attempts. Uri: Recall of the executive and legislative has been possible since 1888. Since 1979, 600 signatures (3% of all adult citizens) have been ...
A referendum upholding a law permitting the establishment of daylight saving time [17] Failed [17] 1,402,562 (49.99%) 1,403,052 (50.01%) Proposal 3 (November) An initiative authorizing the state to issue bonds for the purpose of constructing water pollution prevention facilities [17] Passed [17] 1,906,385 (70.54%) 796,079 (29.46%) Proposal 4
From 1960 to 2012, initiative measures appeared on primary, general, and special election ballots. [1] In October 2011, Governor Jerry Brown signed into law a bill (Senate Bill No. 202) which requires all future ballot initiatives to be listed only in general elections (held in November in even-numbered years), rather than during any statewide ...
Popular initiative or Initiative referendum: A citizen-led process to propose and vote on new laws. Popular referendum: A citizen-led process to oppose and strike down existing laws. Recall referendum: A procedure to remove elected officials before the end of their term of office. Depending on the area and position, a recall may be for a ...
The initiative and optional (or facultative) referendum were introduced as Progressive Era reforms in 1911, by a constitutional amendment called Proposition 7. [1] According to the Initiative & Referendum Institute at USC, Gov. Hiram Johnson supported the creation of this process to balance the power that corporations, specifically Southern ...
Semi-direct democracies, in which representatives administer day-to-day governance, but the citizens remain the sovereign, allow for three forms of popular action: referendum (plebiscite), initiative, and recall. The first two forms—referendums and initiatives—are examples of direct legislation. [3] As of 2019, thirty countries allowed for ...
Referendum 1 A referendum to maintain rent control provisions for some kinds of housing [30] Passed 22,920 (50.82%) 22,183 (49.18%) [38] 1987 Initiative 25 An initiative stating that the funding of public education is a high priority and requiring the government adhere to a schedule of public hearings for public education funding [39] Passed