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The older, "bottom-up" theory proposes that they are built atom-by-atom. The alternative "top-down" approach claims that fullerenes form when much larger structures break into constituent parts. [74] In 2013 researchers discovered that asymmetrical fullerenes formed from larger structures settle into stable fullerenes.
Fullerene or C 60 is soccer-ball-shaped or I h with 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons. According to Euler's theorem these 12 pentagons are required for closure of the carbon network consisting of n hexagons and C 60 is the first stable fullerene because it is the smallest possible to obey this rule.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, long carbon-chain molecules such as polyynes, and fullerenes are all potentially important. [6] [13] These types of molecule experience rapid and efficient deactivation when excited by a photon, which both broadens the spectral lines and makes them stable enough to exist in the interstellar medium. [14] [15]
In organic chemistry, spherical aromaticity is formally used to describe an unusually stable nature of some spherical compounds such as fullerenes and polyhedral boranes.. In 2000, Andreas Hirsch and coworkers in Erlangen, Germany, formulated a rule to determine when a spherical compound would be aromatic.
Fullerenes are typically spheroidal carbon compounds, the most prevalent being buckminsterfullerene, C 60. [2] One year after it was prepared in milligram quantities in 1990, [3] C 60 was shown to function as a ligand in the complex [Ph 3 P] 2 Pt(η 2-C 60). [4] Since this report, a variety of transition metals and binding modes were demonstrated.
Archaeologists working near Luxor announced a bevy of new finds they believe could “reconstruct history” thanks to the wealth of artifacts they discovered in a mixture of rock-cut tombs ...
This network of unstrained covalent bonds makes diamond extremely strong. Diamond is thermodynamically less stable than graphite at pressures below 1.7 GPa. [5] [6] [7] The dominant industrial use of diamond is cutting, drilling , grinding (diamond edged cutters), and polishing. Most uses of diamonds in these technologies do not require large ...
They are called intrinsic polymeric fullerenes, or more often all C 60 polymers. Fullerene can be part of a polymer chain in many different ways. Fullerene-containing polymers are divided into following structural categories: Intrinsic polymeric fullerene (homopolymer), Main-chain polymers, Side-chain polymers, Star polymers, Crosslinked polymers,