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Guidance, navigation and control (abbreviated GNC, GN&C, or G&C) is a branch of engineering dealing with the design of systems to control the movement of vehicles, especially, automobiles, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft. In many cases these functions can be performed by trained humans.
One of the earliest examples of a true guidance system is that used in the German V-1 during World War II. The navigation system consisted of a simple gyroscope, an airspeed sensor, and an altimeter. The guidance instructions were target altitude, target velocity, cruise time, and engine cut off time.
Since so many types of missile use this guidance system, they are usually subdivided into four groups: A particular type of command guidance and navigation where the missile is always commanded to lie on the line of sight (LOS) between the tracking unit and the aircraft is known as command to line of sight (CLOS) or three-point guidance.
SETA is an industry term, which the DoD has used since at least 1995, for example in the Software Engineering Institute; [1] 'Defense Acquisition Deskbook, "S"; the An Acronym List for the Information Age (Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association); the DoD Guide to Integrated Product and Process Development. [2]
Human systems integration (HSI) is an interdisciplinary managerial and technical approach to developing and sustaining systems which focuses on the interfaces between humans and modern technical systems. [1] [2] The objective of HSI is to provide equal weight to human, hardware, and software elements of system design throughout systems ...
Guidance systems can be physical, such as kerbs or guide bars, or remote, such as optical or radio guidance. A guided buses line can be categorised as bus rapid transit and may be articulated bus and bi-articulated bus , allowing more passengers, but not as many as light rail or trams , which are not constrained to a regulated maximum size in ...
Image source: The Motley Fool. EPAM Systems (NYSE: EPAM) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Feb 20, 2025, 8:00 a.m. ET. Contents: Prepared Remarks. Questions and Answers. Call ...
This produces a location and direction. The guidance system can then use this information to correct the flight path of the missile. [citation needed] During the cruise portion of the flight to the target, the accuracy of the system has to be enough only to avoid terrain features. This allows the maps to be a relatively low resolution in these ...