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In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function , the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order k {\textstyle k} of the Taylor series of the function.
That is, the Taylor series diverges at x if the distance between x and b is larger than the radius of convergence. The Taylor series can be used to calculate the value of an entire function at every point, if the value of the function, and of all of its derivatives, are known at a single point. Uses of the Taylor series for analytic functions ...
In probability theory, it is possible to approximate the moments of a function f of a random variable X using Taylor expansions, provided that f is sufficiently differentiable and that the moments of X are finite. A simulation-based alternative to this approximation is the application of Monte Carlo simulations.
Given a twice continuously differentiable function of one real variable, Taylor's theorem for the case = states that = + ′ () + where is the remainder term. The linear approximation is obtained by dropping the remainder: () + ′ ().
In single-variable calculus, operations like differentiation and integration are made to functions of a single variable. In multivariate calculus, it is required to generalize these to multiple variables, and the domain is therefore multi-dimensional. Care is therefore required in these generalizations, because of two key differences between 1D ...
The same factor of σ 2 / 2 appears in the d 1 and d 2 auxiliary variables of the Black–Scholes formula, and can be interpreted as a consequence of Itô's lemma. Doléans-Dade exponential [ edit ]
Two-thirds of the bets and money are on a low-scoring game, and the total has moved significantly as a result. The over/under opened at 50.5 and has dropped to 45.5. Even more bettors are backing ...
Multi-index notation is a mathematical notation that simplifies formulas used in multivariable calculus, partial differential equations and the theory of distributions, by generalising the concept of an integer index to an ordered tuple of indices.