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A loudspeaker (commonly referred to as a speaker or, more fully, a speaker system) is a combination of one or more speaker drivers, an enclosure, and electrical connections (possibly including a crossover network). The speaker driver is an electroacoustic transducer [1]: 597 that converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound. [2]
The Air Motion Transformer (AMT) is a type of electroacoustic transducer.Invented by Oskar Heil (1908–1994), it operates on a different transduction principle from other loudspeaker designs, such as moving coil, planar magnetic or electrostatically-driven loudspeakers, and should not be confused with planar or true ribbon loudspeakers.
All speaker drivers have a means of electrically inducing back-and-forth motion. Typically there is a tightly wound coil of insulated wire (known as a voice coil) attached to the neck of the driver's cone. In a ribbon speaker, the voice coil may be printed or bonded onto a sheet of very thin paper, aluminum, fiberglass or plastic.
This frequency is known as the "free-space resonance" of the loudspeaker and is designated by F s. At this frequency, the voice coil is vibrating in the speaker's magnetic field with maximum peak-to-peak amplitude and velocity. The back EMF generated by this movement is also at its maximum. The electrical impedance of the speaker varies with ...
For this reason dipole speakers are often used as surround channel speakers, where a diffuse sound is desired to create ambience. A dipole speaker works by creating air movement (as sound pressure waves) directly from the front and back surfaces of the driver, rather than by impedance matching one or both outputs to the air. As a result ...
A basic sound reinforcement system that would be used in a small music venue. The main loudspeakers for the audience are to the left and right of the stage. A row of monitor speakers pointing towards the onstage performers helps them hear their singing and playing.