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[1] [3] Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, and coma; [1] [2] [9] death can ensue. [10] The causes of hyponatremia are typically classified by a person's body fluid status into low volume, normal volume, or high volume. [4] Low volume hyponatremia can occur from diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, and sweating. [4]
[14] [3] Dilutional hyponatremia can happen in diabetics as high glucose levels pull water into the blood stream causing the sodium concentration to be lower. [14] [3] Diagnosis of the cause of hyponatremia relies on three factors: volume status, plasma osmolality, urine sodium levels and urine osmolality. [14] [3]
More severe hyponatremia (levels less than 120 mEq/L), particularly if it develops rapidly (defined as occurring over less than 48 hours), can cause confusion, seizures and even lead to death ...
In severe or acute hypoosmolar hyponatremia, swelling of brain cells causes various neurological abnormalities, which in severe or acute cases can result in convulsions, coma, and death. The symptoms of chronic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis are more vague, and may include cognitive impairment , gait abnormalities , or osteoporosis .
Tea and toast syndrome is a form of malnutrition commonly experienced by elderly people who cannot prepare meals and tend to themselves. The term is not intrinsic to tea or bread products only; rather, it describes limited dietary patterns that lead to reduced calories resulting in a deficiency of vitamins and other nutrients.
Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia is associated with a low plasma osmolality. [1] The term "hypotonic hyponatremia" is also sometimes used. [2] When the plasma osmolarity is low, the extracellular fluid volume status may be in one of three states: low volume, normal volume, or high volume.
The most frequent causes are: sudden cardiac death, triggered by a congenital or acquired heart disorder; exercise-associated hyponatremia or other electrolyte imbalance; exertional heat stroke or severe hyperthermia. The age distribution ranges widely, from the teens through the sixties.
The doctor can look for potential underlying causes, including dementia, medication effects, or environmental factors, Elhelou says. From there, they can suggest effective ways to help you manage ...