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Extent of colonization by European, American, Ottoman, and Japanese powers, 1492-1991 Map of the year each country achieved independence. The historical phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time. Ancient and medieval colonialism was practiced by the Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Han Chinese, and Arabs.
Systematic European colonization began in 1492. A Spanish expedition sailed west to find a new trade route to the Orient, the source of spices, silks, porcelains, and other rich trade goods. Ottoman control of the Silk Road, the traditional route for trade between Europe and Asia, forced European traders to look for alternative routes.
Western European colonialism and colonization was the Western European policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over other societies and territories, founding a colony, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
This is a chronology and timeline of the European colonization of the Americas, with founding dates of selected European settlements. [1] [2] [3] Pre–Columbus.
Map of the Influence of European Colonialism (1400-2000) A colonial empire is a state engaging in colonization, possibly establishing or maintaing colonies, infused with some form of coloniality and colonialism. Such states can expand contiguous as well as overseas. Colonial empires may set up colonies as settler colonies. [1]
The European countries which had the most colonies throughout history were: United Kingdom (130), France (90), ...
At the end of the first wave a new wave of European colonization took shape and is known as the period of New Imperialism, which started in the late 19th-century and primarily focused on Africa and Asia, which is congruent with the period of classical modernity. Both periods are considered as the establishing periods of globalization and modernity
The European colonization of Africa and Asia was largely conducted under the auspices of exploitation colonialism. [ 36 ] Surrogate colonialism involves a settlement project supported by a colonial power, in which most of the settlers do not come from the same ethnic group as the ruling power, as it has been (controversially) argued was the ...