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A number of spiders can cause spider bites that are medically important. Almost all spiders produce venom but only a few are able to cause significant harm to humans. [1] Two medically important spider genera have a worldwide distribution—Latrodectus and Loxosceles. Others have a limited distribution.
The Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) is a species of venomous mygalomorph spider native to eastern Australia, usually found within a 100 km (62 mi) radius of Sydney. It is a member of a group of spiders known as Australian funnel-web spiders. Its bite is capable of causing serious illness or death in humans if left untreated. [3]
They have been deemed to be the world's most dangerous spiders on clinical and venom toxicity grounds, [119] though this claim has also been attributed to the Brazilian wandering spider (genus Phoneutria). [124] There were about 100 reliably reported deaths from spider bites in the 20th century, [125] compared to about 1,500 from jellyfish ...
Strictly speaking, all spiders and scorpions possess venom, though only a handful are dangerous to humans. Spiders typically deliver their venom with a bite from piercing, fang-like chelicerae ; scorpions sting their victims with a long, curved stinger mounted on the telson .
Sicariidae is a family of six-eyed venomous spiders known for their potentially necrotic bites. The family consists of three genera and about 160 species . Well known spiders in this family include the brown recluse spider and the six-eyed sand spider .
These spiders have a distinctive longitudinal groove on the top-rear of their oval carapace similar to those of the Amaurobiidae. [1] They are highly defensive [ 2 ] and venomous nocturnal hunters. Wandering spiders are known to hunt large prey, for example hylid species Dendropsophus branneri . [ 3 ]
Almost all spiders are venomous, but not all spider bites result in the injection of venom. Pain from non-venomous bites, so-called "dry bites", typically lasts for 5 to 60 minutes while pain from envenomating spider bites may last for longer than 24 hours. [9] Bleeding also may occur with a bite.
Latrodectus mactans, known as southern black widow or simply black widow, and the shoe-button spider, [citation needed] is a venomous species of spider in the genus Latrodectus. The females are well known for their distinctive black and red coloring and for the fact that they will occasionally eat their mates after reproduction.