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  2. Rodriguez v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodriguez_v._United_States

    Rodriguez v. United States, 575 U.S. 348 (2015), was a United States Supreme Court case which analyzed whether police officers may extend the length of a traffic stop to conduct a search with a trained detection dog. [1]

  3. Whren v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whren_v._United_States

    Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996), was a unanimous United States Supreme Court decision [1] that "declared that any traffic offense committed by a driver was a legitimate legal basis for a stop."

  4. Pennsylvania v. Mimms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_v._Mimms

    Pennsylvania v. Mimms, 434 U.S. 106 (1977), is a United States Supreme Court criminal law decision holding that a police officer ordering a person out of a car following a traffic stop and conducting a pat-down to check for weapons did not violate the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

  5. Berkemer v. McCarty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkemer_v._McCarty

    Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420 (1984), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court that ruled that a person in police custody following a misdemeanor traffic offense was entitled to the protections of the Fifth Amendment pursuant to the decision in Miranda v.

  6. Heien v. North Carolina - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heien_v._North_Carolina

    Heien v. North Carolina, 574 U.S. 54 (2014), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, ruling that a police officer's reasonable mistake of law can provide the individualized suspicion required by the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution to justify a traffic stop. The Court delivered its ruling on December 15, 2014.

  7. United States v. Arvizu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Arvizu

    United States v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2002), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously reaffirmed the proposition that the Fourth Amendment required courts to analyze the reasonableness of a traffic stop based on the totality of the circumstances instead of examining the plausibility of each reason an officer gives for stopping a motorist individually.

  8. Alabama v. White - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_v._White

    Alabama v. White, 496 US 325 (1990), is a U.S. Supreme Court case involving the Fourth Amendment.The majority opinion ruled that anonymous tips can provide reasonable suspicion for a traffic stop provided that police can factually verify the circumstances asserted by the tip.

  9. Illinois v. Caballes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_v._Caballes

    Illinois v. Caballes, 543 U.S. 405 (2005), is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Court held that the use of a drug-sniffing police dog during a routine traffic stop does not violate the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, even if the initial infraction is unrelated to drug offenses.