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In the C standard library, the character reading functions such as getchar return a value equal to the symbolic value (macro) EOF to indicate that an end-of-file condition has occurred. The actual value of EOF is implementation-dependent and must be negative (but is commonly −1, such as in glibc [2]).
Historically, under PDP-6 monitor, [2] RT-11, VMS, and TOPS-10, [3] and in early PC CP/M 1 and 2 operating systems (and derivatives like MP/M) it was necessary to explicitly mark the end of a file (EOF) because the native filesystem could not record the exact file size by itself; files were allocated in extents (records) of a fixed size, typically leaving some allocated but unused space at the ...
1 Control-C has typically been used as a "break" or "interrupt" key. 2 Control-D has been used to signal "end of file" for text typed in at the terminal on Unix / Linux systems. Windows, DOS, and older minicomputers used Control-Z for this purpose.
In a statement such as while ((ch = getchar ())!= EOF) {…}, the return value of a function is used to control a loop while assigning that same value to a variable. In other programming languages, Scheme for example, the return value of an assignment is undefined and such idioms are invalid.
LANG = C tr a-z A-Z <<- END_TEXT Here doc with <<-A single space character (i.e. 0x20 ) is at the beginning of this line This line begins with a single TAB character i.e 0x09 as does the next line END_TEXT echo The intended end was before this line echo and these were not processed by tr echo +++++ LANG = C tr a-z A-Z << END_TEXT Here doc with ...
The C language provides the escape sequences \n (newline) and \r (carriage return). However, these are not required to be equivalent to the ASCII LF and CR control characters. The C standard only guarantees two traits: Each of these escape sequences maps to a unique implementation-defined number that can be stored in one char value.
In a new court filing, federal prosecutors allege the suspect who took a hostage and got into a shootout with Yellowstone National Park rangers in July ranted that he "refuse[s] to fraternize with ...
The EOT character is used in legacy communications protocols by mainframe computer manufacturers such as IBM, Burroughs Corporation, and the BUNCH.Terminal transmission control protocols such as IBM 3270 Poll/Select, or Burroughs TD830 Contention Mode protocol use the EOT character to terminate a communications sequence between two cooperating stations (such as a host multiplexer or Input ...