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The moral influence or moral example theory of atonement, developed or most notably propagated by Abelard (1079–1142), [1] [2] [note 1] is an alternative to Anselm's satisfaction theory of atonement. [1] Abelard focused on changing man's perception of God as not offended, harsh, and judgmental, but as loving. [1]
Peter Abelard (/ ˈ æ b ə l ɑːr d /; French: Pierre Abélard; Latin: Petrus Abaelardus or Abailardus; 12 February 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, leading logician, theologian, poet, composer and musician.
Moral influence theory, a concept that had been developed by the time of Enlightenment, which Aulén called the "subjective" or "humanistic" view and considered to have been anticipated—as a critique of the satisfaction view—by Peter Abelard. Other theories include recapitulation theory, the "shared atonement" theory [12] and scapegoat theory.
Aulén identified three main theories of the Atonement: the 'objective' view, epitomised by Anselm of Canterbury (known as Satisfaction theory); the 'subjective' view, epitomised by Peter Abelard (known as Moral Exemplar theory); and what he referred to as the 'classic' view.
The satisfaction theory of atonement is a theory in Catholic theology which holds that Jesus Christ redeemed humanity through making satisfaction for humankind's disobedience through his own supererogatory obedience. The theory draws primarily from the works of Anselm of Canterbury, specifically his Cur Deus Homo ('Why Was God a Man
Abelard departs from these prevailing conceptions of sin in the Ethica, [1] [2] which he completed in 1138 [3] or 1139, [4] shortly after finishing a commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. The subtitle of the work, Scito te ipsum , [ a ] was a "popular motto among monastic writers of the time". [ 6 ]
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Historia Calamitatum (known in English as The Story of My Misfortunes or The History of My Calamities), also known as Abaelardi ad Amicum Suum Consolatoria, is an autobiographical work in Latin by Peter Abelard (1079–1142), a medieval French pioneer of scholastic philosophy.