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Monosodium citrate, more correctly, sodium dihydrogen citrate (Latin: natrium citricum acidulatum), is an acid salt of citric acid. Disodium citrate and trisodium citrate are also known. It can be prepared by partial neutralisation of citric acid [3] with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate or carbonate. It has a slightly acidic taste.
It is also used as an anticoagulant for laboratory testing, in that blood samples are collected into sodium citrate-containing tubes for tests such as the PT (INR), APTT, and fibrinogen levels. Sodium citrate is used in medical contexts as an alkalinizing agent in place of sodium bicarbonate, [2] to neutralize excess acid in the blood and urine ...
The fetal origins hypothesis (differentiated from the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, which emphasizes environmental conditions both before and immediately after birth) proposes that the period of gestation has significant impacts on the developmental health and wellbeing outcomes for an individual ranging from infancy to adulthood.
In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds. [8] Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as cystitis, to reduce the acidosis seen in distal renal tubular acidosis, and can also be used as an osmotic laxative.
For example, early pregnancy factor (EPF) can be detected in blood within 48 hours of fertilization, rather than after implantation. [32] However, its reliable use as a pregnancy test remains unclear as studies have shown its presence in physiological situations besides pregnancy, and its application to humans remains limited. [33]
Sodium citrate/sodium lauryl sulfoacetate/glycerol sold under the brandname Microlax and Micolette Micro enema, among others, is a small tube of liquid gel that is used to treat constipation. [ 1 ] The main active ingredients are sodium lauryl sulfoacetate (0.90% w/v ), sodium citrate (9.0% w/v ) and glycerol .
Pregnant women have historically been excluded from clinical research due to ethical concerns about harming the fetus or the perception of increased risk to the woman. Excluding pregnant women from research has also been called unethical, as it results in a scarcity of data about how therapies affect pregnant women and their fetuses.
In the early 1980s, Crest was reformulated to use SMFP, under the trademark "Fluoristat"; today Crest toothpastes use sodium fluoride or stannous fluoride. Compared to straight fluorides, sodium monofluorophosphate has slightly less aftertaste. SMFP is also used in some medications for the treatment of osteoporosis. [2]