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Some of the most well known are antiviral drugs widely used to treat HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and COVID-19. These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease ) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles .
Danoprevir is a clinical candidate based on its favorable potency profile against multiple HCV genotypes 1–6 and key mutants (GT1b, IC 50 = 0.2–0.4 nM; replicon GT1b, EC 50 = 1.6 nM). [4] Danoprevir has been evaluated in an open-label, single arm clinical trial in combination with ritonavir for treating COVID-19 [ 5 ] and favourably ...
The HCV genome. NS5A in the bottom row, second from the right. Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors are direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) that target viral proteins, and their development was a culmination of increased understanding of the viral life cycle combined with advances in drug discovery technology.
It is also possible that NS5A is a critical component during HCV replication and subcellular localization, which may shed light on the poorly understood HCV life cycle. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Additionally, NS5A has been shown to modulate the polymerase activity of NS5B , an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) . [ 3 ]
Balapiravir (R-1626, Ro4588161) is an experimental antiviral drug which acts as a polymerase inhibitor.There were efforts to develop it as a potential treatment for hepatitis C, and it was subsequently also studied in Dengue fever, but was not found to be useful.
Hepatitis C virus is a single-stranded RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae. [2] The genome consists made up of about 10,000 nucleotides and encodes a single polyprotein. [3] Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) used host cell machinery to process its genome to synthesize 3 crucial viral proteases of which each has peptide cleaving role.
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