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Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion, is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide.It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. It is highly toxic to non-target organisms, including humans, so its use has been banned or restricted in most countries.
Parathion methyl, or methyl parathion, is an organophosphate insecticide, possessing an organothiophosphate group. It is structurally very similar to parathion-ethyl . It is not allowed for sale and import in nearly all countries around the world, while a few allow it under subject to specified conditions only.
It was proposed that, in order to avoid damage to the DNA genome of the oocytes, the metabolism contributing to the synthesis of much of the oocyte's constituents was shifted to other maternal cells that then transferred these constituents to oocytes. [7] [8] Thus, oocytes of many organisms are protected from oxidative DNA damage while storing ...
The structure-activity relationship of the drug class has been explored to a reasonable extent. The optimal substitution pattern is fairly tightly defined (i.e. N,N-diethyl on the amine nitrogen, 4-ethoxy on the benzyl ring and 5-nitro on the benzimidazole ring), but even derivatives incorporating only some of these features are still potent opioids.
Scheme showing analogies in the process of maturation of the ovum and the development of the spermatids. A gametocyte is a eukaryotic germ cell that divides by mitosis into other gametocytes or by meiosis into gametids during gametogenesis.
Studies performed on humans, dogs, and cats in the 1870s suggested that the production of oocytes (immature egg cells) stops at or shortly after birth. A review of reports from 1900 to 1950 by zoologist Solomon Zuckerman cemented the belief that females have a finite number of oocytes that are formed before they are born. This dogma has been ...
During the drug manufacturing process, milling is often required in order to reduce the average particle size in a drug powder. [7] There are a number of reasons for this, including increasing homogeneity and dosage uniformity, increasing bioavailability , and increasing the solubility of the drug compound. [ 8 ]
In Canada and the US starting in the early 2000s, malathion was sprayed in many cities to combat west Nile virus. [8] Malathion was used over the last couple of decades on a regular basis during summer months to kill mosquitoes, but homeowners were allowed an exemption for their properties if they chose. [citation needed].