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Mucor spores or sporangiospores can be simple or branched and form apical, globular sporangia that are supported and elevated by a column-shaped columella. Mucor species can be differentiated from molds of the genera Absidia , Rhizomucor , and Rhizopus by the shape and insertion of the columella, and the lack of stolons and rhizoids .
A columella (pl. columellae) is a sterile (non-reproductive) structure that extends into and supports the sporangium of some species. In fungi, the columella, which may be branched or unbranched, may be of fungal or host origin. Secotium species have a simple, unbranched columella, while in Gymnoglossum species, the
Stemonitis axifera requires about 20 hours to finish making its fruit bodies. Of this, eight hours are needed for induction of the sporangia and the development of the stalk and the columella, six hours more for the sporocarps to produce pigment and mature, and an additional six until the spores are discharged.
Mucor mucedo, commonly known as the common pinmould, [1] is a fungal plant pathogen and member of the phylum Mucoromycota and the genus Mucor. [2] Commonly found on soil, dung, water, plants and moist foods, Mucor mucedo is a saprotrophic fungus found world-wide with 85 known strains.
Zygote fungus sporangium, with columella labelled. Columella (in plants) is an axis of sterile tissue which passes through the center of the spore-case of mosses. [1] In fungi, it refers to a centrally vacuolated part of a hypha, bearing spores. The word finds analogous usage in myxomycetes. [citation needed]
The species is characterized by a conically shaped columella and a short, pronounced projection, a funnel-shaped apophysis, on the top. The sporangiophores (sporangia-bearing stalks) are hyaline to slightly pigmented, sometimes branched, and arising from stolons in groups of three to seven.
The identification of this species is not problematic after sporulation event because of its characteristic flask-shaped sporangium with spherical venter and a distinct dome-shped columella and dichotomously branched rhizoid complex. [3] [6] On top of the venter, there is a neck with closed apex with a mucilaginous plug. [6]
Mucor plumbeus produces columella with distinctive, darkly pigmented, finger-like apical projections. [6] [4] Sporangiophores (structures bearing asexual spores) exhibit sympodial and monopodial branching. [2] The appearance of sporangia of M. plumbeus changes throughout development from hyaline at first becoming dark brown colour at maturity. [2]