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Stemonitis axifera requires about 20 hours to finish making its fruit bodies. Of this, eight hours are needed for induction of the sporangia and the development of the stalk and the columella, six hours more for the sporocarps to produce pigment and mature, and an additional six until the spores are discharged.
A columella (pl. columellae) is a sterile (non-reproductive) structure that extends into and supports the sporangium of some species. In fungi, the columella, which may be branched or unbranched, may be of fungal or host origin. Secotium species have a simple, unbranched columella, while in Gymnoglossum species, the
Columella (the central, sterile part of the sporangium) may be absent or present, the hymenia are not gelatinized, and are formed in locules. Basidia are club-shaped (clavate), with two or four sterigmata , sometimes with accompanying cheilocystidia ( cystidia on the edges of gills).
Zygote fungus sporangium, with columella labelled. Columella (in plants) is an axis of sterile tissue which passes through the center of the spore-case of mosses. [1] In fungi, it refers to a centrally vacuolated part of a hypha, bearing spores. The word finds analogous usage in myxomycetes. [citation needed]
Mucor spores or sporangiospores can be simple or branched and form apical, globular sporangia that are supported and elevated by a column-shaped columella. Mucor species can be differentiated from molds of the genera Absidia , Rhizomucor , and Rhizopus by the shape and insertion of the columella, and the lack of stolons and rhizoids .
In the sporangia, there is an accumulation of nutrients, cytoplasm, and nuclei. An extension of the sporangiophore called the columella protrudes into the sporangium, and upon the maturation of the sporangiospores, burst of the sporangium allows for the dispersion of the spores, where wind is the primary dissemination method.
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The sporangium has an operculum, epiphragm, columella, sporangial jacket, a spore bearing layer, and nematodontous teeth. Nematodontous teeth are composed of whole, thickened dead cells. [ 10 ] Although nematodontous teeth are not hygroscopic , [ 11 ] they may aid in spore dispersal through small movements (they do not move much). [ 9 ]