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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms. [2] [3] With the chemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH 2 OPO 3 2-, this anion is a monophosphate ester of ...
Triosephosphate isomerase rapidly interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GADP) that proceeds further into glycolysis. This is advantageous, as it directs dihydroxyacetone phosphate down the same pathway as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, simplifying regulation.
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (abbreviated GAPDH) (EC 1.2.1.12) is an enzyme of about 37kDa that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis and thus serves to break down glucose for energy and carbon molecules.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.9) (GAPN) is an enzyme that irreversibly catalyzes the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG or 3-PGA) using the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. GAPN is used in a variant of glycolysis that conserves energy as NADPH rather than as ATP. The NADPH and 3-PG ...
Glycerol 3-phosphate is then oxidized to dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which is, in turn, converted into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase. From here the three carbon atoms of the original glycerol can be oxidized via glycolysis, or converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis. [10]
In gluconeogenesis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is reduced to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate with aldolase. In glycolysis fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is made into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate through the use of aldolase. The aldolase used in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis is a cytoplasmic protein.
The other product (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) is further converted by entering into the glycolysis pathway, via which it, too, gets converted into pyruvate for further metabolism. Conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Chemical structure of 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate. 1-Arseno-3-phosphoglycerate is a compound produced by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, present in high concentrations in many organisms, from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and arsenate in the glycolysis pathway. [1]