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A taller building requires more elevators to service the additional floors, but the elevator shafts consume valuable floor space. If the service core (which contains the elevator shafts) becomes too big, it can reduce the profitability of the building.
The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter Cooper's Cooper Union Foundation building in New York began in 1853. An elevator shaft was included in the design because Cooper was confident that a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented. [12]
A double-deck elevator or double-deck lift is an elevator where one cab is stacked on top of another. This allows passengers on two consecutive floors to be able to use the elevator simultaneously, significantly increasing the passenger capacity of an elevator shaft.
A simple dumbwaiter is a movable frame in a shaft, dropped by a rope on a pulley, guided by rails; most dumbwaiters have a shaft, cart, and capacity smaller than those of passenger elevators, usually 45 to 450 kg (100 to 992 lbs.) [2] Before electric motors were added in the 1920s, dumbwaiters were controlled manually by ropes on pulleys.
There are six lift shafts of varying heights and speeds, including a high-speed shaft with a travel of 100 metres (328 ft 1 in) and a theoretical maximum speed of 10 m/s (33 ft/s). The tower's renovation was officially completed in July 2010. [5]
If the service core, which contains the elevator shafts, becomes too big, it can reduce the profitability of the building. Architects must therefore balance the value gained by adding height against the value lost to the expanding service core. [81] Many tall buildings use elevators in a non-standard configuration to reduce their footprint.
Thus, the local elevators can be stacked within the same elevator shaft. [78] Located on the 44th and 78th floors of each tower, the sky lobbies enabled the elevators to be used efficiently, while also increasing the amount of usable space on each floor from 62 to 75 percent by reducing the number of required elevator shafts. [79]
The H1 Tower is an elevator testing tower in Guangzhou, China, owned by Hitachi. At 273.8 m (898 ft) it is the tallest elevator testing tower in the world. Including the 15 m (49 ft) deep basement, the overall height of the tower measures 288.8 m (948 ft). [1] [2] The structure includes 15 elevator test shafts, totaling 2.2 km (1.4 mi) in length.