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Robert Hoyland describes it as a poll tax originally paid by "the conquered people" to the mostly-Arab conquerors, but it later became a "religious tax, payable only by non-Muslims". [ 179 ] Jews and Christians in some southern and eastern areas of the Arabian Peninsula began to pay tribute, called jizya , to the Islamic state during Muhammad's ...
The term has also been used for a 10% tax on merchandise imported from states that taxed the Muslims on their products. [6] Caliph `Umar ibn Al-Khattāb was the first Muslim ruler to levy ushr. [citation needed] The taxes stipulated by Islamic law generally did not generate enough revenue even for the limited expenditures made by pre-modern ...
Poll taxes are regressive, meaning the higher someone's income is, the lower the tax is as a proportion of income: for example, a $100 tax on an income of $10,000 is a 1% tax rate, while $100 tax on a $500 income is 20%. Its acceptance or "neutrality" depends on the balance between the tax demanded and the resources of the population.
Non-Muslim members have equal political and cultural rights as Muslims. They will have autonomy and freedom of religion. [140] Non-Muslims will take up arms against the enemy of the Ummah and share the cost of war. There is to be no treachery between the two. [141] Non-Muslims will not be obliged to take part in religious wars of the Muslims. [142]
Poll tax, also called a head tax, is a fixed tax that must be paid by each person. Fiscus Judaicus, was a tax that Jews were required to pay in the Roman Empire; Jizya is a tax paid by non-Muslims in a Muslim state. Compare to Zakat. Leibzoll was tax that Jews were required to pay in Medieval Europe. Temple tax was a Roman tax used to pay for ...
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Other forms of taxation on Muslims or non-Muslims, that have been used in Islamic history, include kharaj (land tax), [95] khums (tax on booty and loot seized from non-Muslims, sudden wealth), [96] ushur (tax at state border, sea port, and each city border on goods movement, customs), [97] kari (house tax) [98] and chari (sometimes called maara ...
The long-term payment plan has a payoff period greater than 120 days, with payments made monthly and a total amount owed of less than $50,000 in combined tax, penalties and interest.