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This is a timeline of achievements in Soviet and United States spaceflight, spanning the Cold War era of nationalistic competition known as the Space Race. This list is limited to first achievements by the USSR and USA which were important during the Space Race in terms of public perception and/or technical innovation.
First clear telescopic photograph of another world: the Moon. United States: John William Draper: 1845 First proper observation of other galaxies which are termed "whirlpool nebulae". UK: William Parsons: 1861 A Journey Through Space makes first proposal of using rockets for space flight. UK William Leitch: 1895 First proposal of space elevator ...
Countries represented only by suborbital space flyers are shaded. Note: citizens from the now-defunct East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet Union have also flown in space. Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 48 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed.
Due to its large size, the timeline has been split into smaller articles, one for each year since 1951. There is a separate list for all flights that occurred before 1951. The list for the year 2025 and for its subsequent years may contain planned launches, but the statistics will only include past launches.
Timeline of Solar System exploration; Timeline of the Space Race; List of cumulative spacewalk records; List of spacewalkers; List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999; List of spacewalks 2000–2014; List of spacewalks since 2015; Timeline of Spirit; List of space stations
At the same time, the international space race between smaller space powers since the end of the 20th century can be considered the foundation and expansion of markets of commercial rocket launches and space tourism. [citation needed] The United States continued other space exploration, including major participation with the ISS with its own ...
Wernher von Braun's space station concept (1952) Although Germans, Americans and Soviets experimented with small liquid-fuel rockets before World War II, launching satellites and humans into space required the development of larger ballistic missiles such as Wernher von Braun's Aggregat-4 (A-4), which became known as the Vergeltungswaffe 2 (V-2) developed by Nazi Germany to bomb the Allies in ...
The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union was an integral component of the Cold War. Contrary to the Nuclear arms race , it was a peaceful competition in which the two powers could demonstrate their technological and theoretical advancements over the other.