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Avoidant personality disorder (AvPD), or anxious personality disorder, is a cluster C personality disorder characterized by excessive social anxiety and inhibition, fear of intimacy (despite an intense desire for it), severe feelings of inadequacy and inferiority, and an overreliance on avoidance of feared stimuli (e.g., self-imposed social isolation) as a maladaptive coping method. [1]
The relationship between schizoid personality disorder (SzPD) and avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) has been a subject of controversy for decades. [1] [2]Today it is still unclear and remains to be seen if these two personality disorders are genuinely distinct, but overlapping, personality disorders, or if they are merely two different phenotypic expressions of the same underlying disorder.
Borderline personality disorder is seen in association with mood and anxiety disorders, with impulse-control disorders, eating disorders, ADHD, ASD, or a substance use disorder. Avoidant personality disorder is seen with social anxiety disorder.
Idealization by Edvard Munch (1903), who is presumed to have had borderline personality disorder [6] [7]: Specialty: Psychiatry, clinical psychology: Symptoms: Unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, and intense emotions; impulsivity; recurrent suicidal and self-harming behavior; fear of abandonment; chronic feelings of emptiness; inappropriate anger; dissociation [8] [9]
Avoidance coping is measured via a self-reported questionnaire. Initially, the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) was used, which is a 62-item questionnaire that assesses experiential avoidance, and thus avoidance coping, by measuring how many avoidant behaviors a person exhibits and how strongly they agree with each statement on a scale of 1–6. [1]
People with avoidant personality disorder may struggle with emotional closeness because they view themselves negatively and fear criticism.
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[59] [60] Avoidant personality disorder is likewise highly correlated with SAD, with comorbidity rates ranging from 25% to 89%. [ 55 ] [ 61 ] [ 62 ] To try to reduce their anxiety and alleviate depression, people with social phobia may use alcohol or other drugs, which can lead to substance use disorders .