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  2. Alpha-fetoprotein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-fetoprotein

    As human AFP does not bind estrogen, its function in humans is less clear. [14] In human liver cancer, AFP is found to bind glypican-3 (GPC3), another oncofetal antigen. [15] The rodent AFP system can be overridden with massive injections of estrogen, which overwhelm the AFP system and will masculinize the fetus.

  3. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrolamellar_hepato...

    The usual markers for liver disease – aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase – are often normal or only slightly elevated. FLC often does not produce alpha fetoprotein (AFP), a widely used marker for conventional hepatocellular carcinoma.

  4. Liver function tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_function_tests

    Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is significantly expressed in foetal liver. However, the mechanism that led to the suppression of AFP synthesis in adults is not fully known. Exposure of the liver to cancer-causing agents and arrest of liver maturation in childhood can lead to the rise in AFP. AFP can reach until 400–500 μg/L in hepatocellular ...

  5. AFP-L3 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFP-L3

    The AFP-L3% assay, a liquid-phase binding assay, will help to identify at-risk subjects earlier, allowing for more intense evaluation for evidence of HCC according to existing practice guidelines in oncology. AFP-L3% is the standard for quantifying the L3 isoform of AFP in serum of high risk chronic liver disease (CLD) patients.

  6. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevated_alpha-fetoprotein

    Elevated alpha-fetoprotein refers to a state where alpha-fetoprotein levels are outside of the reference range. There are two categories of AFP tests: tests performed on serum (blood plasma), and tests performed on amniotic fluid. Tests performed on serum are further categorized by the reason for performing the test: maternal serum, adult tumor ...

  7. Tumor marker - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_marker

    A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy). They can be found in bodily fluids or tissue. Markers can help with assessing prognosis, surveilling patients after surgical removal of tumors, and even predicting drug-response and monitor ...

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