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Once the tube strikes, the impinging main discharge keeps the cathodes hot, permitting continued electron emission without the need for the filaments to continue to be heated. The starter switch does not switch on again because the resistance in the tube drops and the voltage across the starter is insufficient to start a glow discharge again. [2]
Its origins are in microwave discharge light sources used for ultraviolet curing in the semiconductor and printing industries. Since 1994, General Electric has produced its induction lamp Genura with an integrated high frequency driver, operating at 2.65 MHz. In 1996, Osram started selling their Endura induction light system, operating at 250 kHz.
Many compact fluorescent lamps integrate the auxiliary electronics into the base of the lamp, allowing them to fit into a regular light bulb socket. In US residences, fluorescent lamps are mostly found in kitchens, basements, or garages. Schools and businesses find the cost savings of fluorescent lamps to be significant and rarely use ...
An instant start ballast does not preheat the electrodes, instead using a relatively high voltage (~600 V) to initiate the discharge arc. It is the most energy efficient type, but yields the fewest lamp-start cycles, as material is blasted from the surface of the cold electrodes each time the lamp is turned on.
Most of the electricity in an LED becomes heat rather than light – about 70% heat and 30% light. [1] If this heat is not removed, the LEDs run at high temperatures, which not only lowers their efficiency, but also makes the LED less reliable, shortens its lifespan. Thus, thermal management of high power LEDs is a crucial area of the research ...
A thermal switch (sometimes thermal reset or thermal cutout (TCO)) is a device which normally opens at a high temperature (often with a faint "plink" sound) and re-closes when the temperature drops. The thermal switch may be a bimetallic strip, often encased in a tubular glass bulb to protect it from dust or short circuit. Another common design ...
Many other corporations within finance, media, technology and elsewhere have division CEOs who are crucial to business operations yet don’t receive the security protections that the top CEO does.
Color corrected" mercury bulbs overcome this problem with a phosphor on the inside of the outer bulb that emits at the red wavelengths, offering whiter light and better color rendition. Mercury-vapor lights operate at an internal pressure of around one atmosphere and require special fixtures, as well as an electrical ballast. They also require ...