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The Indian Act (French: Loi sur les Indiens) is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. [3] [4] [a] First passed in 1876 and still in force with amendments, it is the primary document that defines how the Government of Canada interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members.
In 1967, the National Indian Brotherhood and other groups opposed the White Paper, which aimed to eliminate the Indian Act and the limited rights of Indigenous peoples. [79] During the Oka Crisis in 1990, the Kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawk) of Kanehsatà:ke protested against a golf course on their ancestral lands and faced military intervention. [ 80 ]
Canada (AG) v Lavell, [1974] S.C.R. 1349, was a landmark 5–4 Supreme Court of Canada decision holding that Section 12(1)(b) of the Indian Act [1] did not violate the respondents' right to "equality before the law" under Section 1 (b) of the Canadian Bill of Rights.
Today still, the Indian Act indicates how reserves and bands can operate and defines who is recognized as an "Indian." [149] There have been many updates to this law since then, allowing Canadian citizenship and voting rights among others. [citation needed] In 1985, the Canadian Parliament passed Bill C-31, An Act to Amend the Indian Act ...
The Indian Act (French: Loi sur les Indiens) is a Canadian Act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] [ a ] First passed in 1876 and still in force with amendments, it is the primary document that defines how the Government of Canada interacts with the 614 First Nation bands ...
The White Paper proposed to abolish all legal documents that had previously existed, including (but not limited to) the Indian Act, and all existing treaties within Canada, comprising Canadian Aboriginal law. It proposed to assimilate First Nations as an ethnic group equal to other Canadian citizens.
In 1876, the Indian Act was passed by the Parliament of Canada and allowed the administration of Indian Status, reserve lands, and local Indigenous governance. [16] The act gave the Canadian government control over Indigenous identity, political practices, governance, cultural practices, and education. [17]
The Indian Register is the official record of people registered under the Indian Act in Canada, called status Indians or registered Indians. [nb 1] People registered under the Indian Act have rights and benefits that are not granted to other First Nations people, Inuit, or Métis, the chief benefits of which include the granting of reserves and of rights associated with them, an extended ...