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Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein, also known as PTB or hnRNP I, is an RNA-binding protein. PTB functions mainly as a splicing regulator, although it is also involved in alternative 3' end processing, mRNA stability and RNA localization. [ 1 ]
Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".
They are often found in signal transduction proteins. PTB-domain binding specificity is determined by residues to the amino-terminal side of the phosphotyrosine. Examples: the PTB domains of both SHC and IRS-1 bind to a NPXpY sequence. PTB-containing proteins such as SHC and IRS-1 are important for insulin responses of human cells.
The PTB domains facilitate interaction with the activated tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor. The PTB domain is situated towards the N terminus . Two arginines in this domain are responsible for hydrogen bonding phosphotyrosine residues on an Ac -LYASSNPApY- NH2 peptide in the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor.
Phosducin-transducin beta-gamma complex. Beta and gamma subunits of G-protein are shown by blue and red, respectively. Guanosine diphosphate Guanosine triphosphate. G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
Principles of Biology is a college level biology electronic textbook published by Nature Publishing in 2011. The book is not a digitally reformatted version of a paper book. [ 1 ] The book, the first in a projected series, is Nature Publishing's first foray into textbook publishing.
Molecular Biology of the Cell has been described as "the most influential cell biology textbook of its time". [2] The sixth edition is dedicated to the memory of co-author Julian Lewis, who died in early 2014. The book was the first to position cell biology as a central discipline for biology and medicine, and immediately became a landmark ...
In 2010, 8.8 million new cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, and 1.20–1.45 million deaths occurred (most of these occurring in developing countries). [78] [171] Of these, about 0.35 million occur in those also infected with HIV. [172] In 2018, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. [1]