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The Expulsion of Jews from Spain was the expulsion of practicing Jews following the Alhambra Decree in 1492, [1] which was enacted to eliminate their influence on Spain's large converso population and to ensure its members did not revert to Judaism. Over half of Spain's Jews had converted to Catholicism as a result of the Massacre of 1391. [2]
Don Isaac Abrabanel, a prominent Jewish figure in the 15th century and one of the king's trusted courtiers who witnessed the 1492 expulsion of Jews, informs his readers [46] that the first Jews to reach Spain were brought by ship to Spain by a certain Phiros, a confederate of the king of Babylon in laying siege to Jerusalem. This man was a ...
Spain had been allied with France against Britain since the Second Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1796. After the defeat of the combined Spanish and French fleets by the British at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, cracks began to appear in the alliance, with Spain preparing to invade France from the south after the outbreak of the War of the Fourth Coalition.
About 50,000 Jews served in the British Armed Forces during World War I, and around 10,000 died on the battlefield, while Britain's first all-Jewish regiment, the Jewish Legion fought in Palestine.
The overall number of conversions remained insignificant and had little effect on Catholic-Jewish relationship. [3] After the Massacre of 1391, many more Jews began to convert to Catholicism, giving rise to a substantial Marrano population. Strong Jewish cultural, familial, and ideological ties persisted among the conversos.
Diplomats discussed the possibility of Spain as a route to a containment camp for Jewish refugees near Casablanca, but it came to naught without Free French and British support. [51] Nonetheless, control of the Spanish border with France relaxed somewhat at this time, [ 52 ] and thousands of Jews managed to cross into Spain (many by smugglers ...
After the war, Franco exaggerated his contributions to saving Jews in order to improve Spain's image in the world and end its international isolation. [ 186 ] [ 189 ] [ page needed ] [ 190 ] [ 191 ] After the war, Franco did not recognise Israeli statehood , and maintained strong relations with the Arab world .
Fearing that Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years' War (1756–63) threatened the European balance of power, Spain allied itself to France and invaded Portugal, a British ally, but suffered a series of military defeats and ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris (1763) while gaining Louisiana from France.