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Open society (French: société ouverte) is a term coined by French philosopher Henri Bergson in 1932, [1] [2] and describes a dynamic system inclined to moral universalism. [3] Bergson contrasted an open society with what he called a closed society, a closed system of law, morality or religion. Bergson suggests that if all traces of ...
The Closed Commercial State: Perpetual Peace and Commercial Society from Rousseau to Fichte. Princeton University Press,2011. Symbol and Meaning Beyond the Closed Community: Essays in Mesoamerican Ideas (ed. Gary H. Gossen: University Press of Colorado, 1986. Gontier, Thierry. "Open and Closed Societies: Voegelin as Reader of Bergson".
The Open Society and Its Enemies is a work on political philosophy by the philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author presents a "defence of the open society against its enemies", [1] and offers a critique of theories of teleological historicism, according to which history unfolds inexorably according to universal laws.
Open groups, leaders and citizens can hold left-wing or progressivist opinions on many issues but be staunchly in favour of the traditionally more right-wing policies of free trade. Depending on context, open–closed can be a replacement to the left–right political spectrum or a second axis on a political compass. [1] [2]
Open Society Foundations has committed $50 million to increase civic engagement among women and youth over the next three years as part of its strategy to support democracy in the U.S. (Photo ...
“No one is asking for closed-source AI to be banned,” LeCun wrote. “But some people are heavily lobbying governments around the world to ban (or limit) open source AI. Some of those people ...
Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is a US-based grantmaking network founded by business magnate George Soros. [2] Open Society Foundations financially supports civil society groups around the world, with the stated aim of advancing justice, education, public health and independent media.
If you’re considering investing in a mutual fund or ETF, you might have heard the terms “open-end” and “closed-end” -- and immediately scratched your head in confusion. Indeed, these are ...