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  2. Orthodontic indices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodontic_indices

    Class II: The retrusion of the lower jaw with distal occlusion of the lower teeth (or in other words, the maxillary first molar occludes anterior to the buccal groove of the mandibular first molars) [4] Class II div 1: class II relationship with proclined upper central incisors (overjet)

  3. Overjet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overjet

    If the lower incisor is anterior to the upper incisors, the overjet is given a negative value. [11] In the UK, an overjet is generally described as increased if it is >3.5 mm (0.14 in). The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need rates overjet highly on its weighting system, second behind missing teeth. It then grades severity of overjet as: [12]

  4. Serial extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_extraction

    Serial extraction is a multi-decisional, time linked process. Annual records such as panoramic radiographs, photographs and study models are essential. The most common unfavorable sequel of serial extraction is deepening of bite. Uprighting of incisors and early loss of posterior teeth may result in deep bite.

  5. Open bite malocclusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_bite_malocclusion

    Anterior open bite resulted from tongue thrusting in a 24 y.o. patient. Anterior upper teeth are not touching their counterpart. Anterior open bite (AOB) is defined as a condition in which there is no contact and no vertical overlap of the lower incisor crown with the upper incisor crown when the mandible is in full occlusion. [19]

  6. Overbite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overbite

    Overbite is the extent of vertical (superior-inferior) overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors, [1] measured relative to the incisal ridges. [2] The term overbite does not refer to a specific condition, nor is it a form of malocclusion. Rather an absent or excess overbite would be a malocclusion.

  7. Cephalometric analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalometric_analysis

    Distance from upper incisor to NA line: 4 mm L1-NB (degree) Angle between lower incisor to NB line 25 degrees L1-NB (mm) Distance from lower incisor to NB line 4 mm U1-L1 (°) Upper incisor to lower incisor angle 130 degrees L1-Chin (mm) Also known as Holdaway Ratio. It states that chin prominence should be as far away as the farthest point of ...

  8. Mandibular central incisor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibular_central_incisor

    The mandibular central incisor is the tooth located on the jaw, adjacent to the midline of the face. It is mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular lateral incisors . As with all incisors , its function includes shearing or cutting food during mastication , commonly known as chewing.

  9. Dental anatomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_anatomy

    In 1891, Victor Haderup devised a variant of eight tooth quadrant system in which plus (+) and minus (-) were used to differentiate between upper and lower quadrants, and between right and left quadrants (e.g., +1 = upper right central incisor; 1- = lower left central incisor). Primary teeth were numbered as upper right (05+ to 01+), lower left ...