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The distal end of the radius forms two palpable points, radially the styloid process and Lister's tubercle on the ulnar side. Along with the proximal and distal radioulnar articulations , an interosseous membrane originates medially along the length of the body of the radius to attach the radius to the ulna.
A distal radius fracture, also known as wrist fracture, is a break of the part of the radius bone which is close to the wrist. [1] Symptoms include pain, bruising, and rapid-onset swelling. [ 1 ] The ulna bone may also be broken.
The radial styloid process is found on the lateral surface of the distal radius bone. [1] It extends obliquely downward into a strong, conical projection. The tendon of the brachioradialis attaches at its base. [2] The radial collateral ligament of the wrist attaches at its apex.
Lister's tubercle is found on the dorsal distal radius. [1] It varies in size and shape significantly. [2] [3] It can range from around 2 to 6 mm in height (averaging 3 mm), and around 6 to 26 mm in length (averaging 13 mm). [2] [3] Lister's tubercle consists of two peaks including radial peak and ulnar peak. [4]
The distal radioulnar articulation [1] (also known as the distal radioulnar joint, [2] or inferior radioulnar joint [1] [3]) is a synovial pivot joint between the two bones in the forearm; the radius and ulna. It is one of two joints between the radius and ulna, the other being the proximal radioulnar articulation.
The articular surface for the ulna is called the ulnar notch (sigmoid cavity) of the radius; it is in the distal radius, and is narrow, concave, smooth, and articulates with the head of the ulna forming the distal radioulnar joint.
The head of the radius has a cylindrical form, and on its upper surface is a shallow cup or fovea for articulation with the capitulum of the humerus. The circumference of the head is smooth; it is broad medially where it articulates with the radial notch of the ulna , narrow in the rest of its extent, which is embraced by the annular ligament .
The radial inclination of a distal radius fracture is shown in red in image at right. The angle is measured between: [4] [5] A line drawn between the distal ends of the articular surface of the radius on an AP view of the wrist. A line that is perpendicular to the diaphysis of the radius. Radial inclination is normally 21-25°. [6]