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The effects of climate change on plant biodiversity can be predicted by using various models, for example bioclimatic models. [5] [6] Habitats may change due to climate change. This can cause non-native plants and pests to impact native vegetation diversity. [7]
Grassland in Europe. Grassland degradation, also called vegetation or steppe degradation, is a biotic disturbance in which grass struggles to grow or can no longer exist on a piece of land due to causes such as overgrazing, burrowing of small mammals, and climate change. [1]
Overgrazing typically increases soil erosion. [7]With continued overutilization of land for grazing, there is an increase in degradation. This leads to poor soil conditions that only xeric and early successional species can tolerate. [8]
The rate of soil erosion is 10–20 times higher than the rate of soil accumulation in agricultural areas that use no-till farming. In areas with tilling it is 100 times higher. Climate change worsens this type of land degradation and desertification. [11]: 5 Climate change is projected to negatively affect all four pillars of food security.
This is mostly due to the climate conditions before the growing season, which influence the rate of evapotranspiration and subsequent plant growth. [69] The expansion of the Gobi is attributed mostly to human activities, locally driven by deforestation, overgrazing, and depletion of water resources, as well as to climate change. [68]
Climate change will accelerate the prevalence of pests and diseases and increase the occurrence of highly impactful events. [195] The impacts of climate change on agricultural production in Africa will have serious implications for food security and livelihoods. Between 2014 and 2018, Africa had the highest levels of food insecurity in the ...
Nitrogen deposition from air pollutants and increased mineralization from higher temperatures can increase plant productivity, but increases are often among a discount in biodiversity as faster-growing plants outcompete others. A study of a California grassland found that global change may speed reductions in diversity and forb species are most ...
The rise in sea levels that has occurred as a result of climate change has also greatly increased coastal erosion rates. [69] [70] Most part of Accra mostly flooded during rainy season, causing environmental crisis in Ghana. Studies on soil erosion suggest that increased rainfall amounts and intensities will lead to greater rates of soil erosion.