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Many people born in the 20th century have claimed Black Dutch heritage, sometimes in addition to Native heritage. [5] Unlike families in Pennsylvania or Virginia, most of the mixed-race Black Dutch families of the Deep South have English, Scots, or Irish surnames, and have no German ancestry in their families. [5]
Afro-Germans (German: Afrodeutsche) or Black Germans (German: schwarze Deutsche) are Germans of Sub-Saharan African descent. Cities such as Hamburg and Frankfurt, which were formerly centres of occupation forces following World War II and more recent immigration, have substantial Afro-German communities. With modern trade and migration ...
The Fancy Dutch (German: Hoch-Deutsche), also known as the High-Dutch, and historically as the Pennsylvania High Germans ... creating a free Black Dutch population.
Questions of German American loyalty increased due to events like the German bombing of Black Tom island [98] and the U.S. entering World War I, many German Americans were arrested for refusing allegiance to the U.S. [99] War hysteria led to the removal of German names in public, names of things such as streets, [100] and businesses. [101]
Pennsylvania Dutch (a dialect of German) is widely spoken among them, both in daily life and religious settings. The Plain Dutch adhere strictly to their religious and community norms, emphasizing a strong cultural and religious identity with minimal integration into mainstream American culture.
Zwarte Piet (English: Black Peter or Black Pete, French: Père-Fouettard, meaning father whipper) is the companion of Saint Nicholas (Dutch: Sinterklaas) in the folklore of the Low Countries. The character first appeared in his current form in an 1850 book by Jan Schenkman and is commonly depicted as a blackamoor.
After the Civil War, reports indicate Black Texas German communities in every county of the German belt, also known as the Texas German Country, running from Houston to the Hills Region. [11] [12] For Black Texans, speaking Texas German was a means of social mimicry and protection. [10] Doris Williams, an African American in Bastrop County ...
Black Dutch (genealogy): Sinte Romani from Germany, whom de Wendler-Funaro refers to as Chikkeners (Pennsylvania German, from the German Zigeuner), sometimes refer to themselves as "Black Dutch." They are few in number and claim to have largely assimilated into Romnichel culture.