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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a common disinfectant and readily decomposes to form water and oxygen. Trioxidane (H 2 O 3) is rare and readily decomposes into water and singlet oxygen. Tetraoxidane (H 2 O 4) has been synthesized by reaction among peroxy radicals at low temperature. [1]
Molecular models of the different molecules active in Piranha solution: peroxysulfuric acid (H 2 SO 5) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). Piranha solution, also known as piranha etch, is a mixture of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The resulting mixture is used to clean organic residues off substrates, for example ...
Figure 6 shows models of anthrax toxin, left (at a scale of approximately 20 Å/cm or 1:5,000,000) and green fluorescent protein, right (5 cm high, at a scale of about 4 Å/cm or 1:25,000,000) from 3D Molecular Design. Models are made of plaster or starch, using a rapid prototyping process.
Hydrogen peroxide is not nearly as reactive as these species, but is readily activated and is thus included. [3] Peroxynitrite and nitric oxide are reactive oxygen-containing species as well. Hydroxyl radical (HO·) is generated by Fenton reaction of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous compounds and related reducing agents:
Detailed mechanistic work results from studies on transition metal dioxygen complexes, which represent models for the initial encounter between O 2 and the metal catalyst. Early catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction were based on cobalt phthalocyanines. [4] Many related coordination complexes have been tested.
Studies of • HO distribution in Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (TMC-1) [20] suggest that in dense gas, • HO is mainly formed by dissociative recombination of H 3 O +. Dissociative recombination is the reaction in which a molecular ion recombines with an electron and dissociates into neutral fragments. Important formation mechanisms for • HO are:
Together with its conjugate base superoxide, hydroperoxyl is an important reactive oxygen species.Unlike • O − 2, which has reducing properties, HO • 2 can act as an oxidant in a number of biologically important reactions, such as the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from tocopherol and polyunstaturated fatty acids in the lipid bilayer.