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The rule was later further popularized by the Trinity study (1998), based on the same data and similar analysis. Bengen later called this rate the SAFEMAX rate, for "the maximum 'safe' historical withdrawal rate", [3] and later revised it to 4.5% if tax-free and 4.1% for taxable. [4] In low-inflation economic environments the rate may even be ...
Here's how the 4% rule works in practice: If you have $1 million in retirement savings, you'd withdraw $40,000 in your first year (or 4% of $1 million). In subsequent years, you'd adjust this ...
Other authors have made similar studies using backtested and simulated market data, and other withdrawal systems and strategies. The Trinity study and others of its kind have been sharply criticized, e.g., by Scott et al. (2008), [2] not on their data or conclusions, but on what they see as an irrational and economically inefficient withdrawal strategy: "This rule and its variants finance a ...
Retirement is the withdrawal from one's position or occupation or from one's active working life. [1] A person may also semi-retire by reducing work hours or workload. Many people choose to retire when they are elderly or incapable of doing their job for health reasons. People may also retire when they are eligible for private or public pension benefits, although some are forced to retire when ...
The net benefit of the traditional account is the sum of (1) the same benefit as from the Roth account from the permanently tax-free profits on after-tax saving, (2) a possible bonus (or penalty) from withdrawals at tax rates lower (or higher) than at contribution, and (3) the impact on qualification for other income-tested programs from ...
The 4% Solution: Unleashing the Economic Growth America Needs is a 2012 non-fiction book. Alongside a foreword by President George W. Bush , it features articles from academics and businesspeople, including five winners of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences .