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The gallbladder wall is composed of a number of layers. The innermost surface of the gallbladder wall is lined by a single layer of columnar cells with a brush border of microvilli, very similar to intestinal absorptive cells. [2] Underneath the epithelium is an underlying lamina propria, a muscular layer, an outer perimuscular layer and serosa.
These branches then form an anastomotic network over the surface of the body and fundus of the gallbladder. [1] It produces 2 to 4 minor branches (known as Calot’s arteries) that supply part of the cystic duct and cervix of the gallbladder before dividing into the major superficial and deep branches at the superior aspect of the gallbladder neck:
The increased pressure in the gallbladder leads to swelling and pain. This pain, known as biliary colic, is sometimes referred to as a gallbladder "attack" because of its sudden onset. During a cholecystectomy, the cystic duct is clipped two or three times and a cut is made between the clips, freeing the gallbladder to be taken out.
The anatomy and variant anatomy of this region is important during gallbladder removal to prevent iatrogenic injury to the common hepatic duct, bile duct, or right hepatic artery. [3] The cystic artery lies within the hepatobiliary triangle, which is used to locate it during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gall bladder, where 80–90% of the water and electrolytes can be absorbed, leaving the bile acids and cholesterol. [5] During a meal, the smooth muscles in the gallbladder wall contract, causing bile to be secreted into the duodenum to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the ...
The visceral surface or inferior surface is uneven and concave. It is covered in peritoneum apart from where it attaches the gallbladder and the porta hepatis. [20] The fossa of gallbladder lies to the right of the quadrate lobe, occupied by the gallbladder with its cystic duct close to the right end of porta hepatis.
The rest of the gallbladder drains into 1-2 small cystic veins which then usually empty into either the hepatic portal vein within the liver, or [1] into tributaries of the hepatic portal venous system that drain either the proximal bile duct or hepatic ducts; [1] [2] rarely, one or more cystic vein(s) drain(s) into the right branch of the ...
The gallbladder is a hollow part of the biliary tract that sits just beneath the liver, with the gallbladder body resting in a small depression. [26] It is a small organ where the bile produced by the liver is stored, before being released into the small intestine. Bile flows from the liver through the bile ducts and