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In March 2010, the Gesell Institute completed a three-year nationwide study which included some 1,300 assessments of children ages 2 years 9 months to 6 years 3 months. The study included a sample of public, private, urban, and suburban schools, 55 sites spanning 23 US states participated in the study.
The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (version 4 was released September 2019) is a standard series of measurements originally developed by psychologist Nancy Bayley used primarily to assess the development of infants and toddlers, ages 1–42 months. [1]
Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. [1] While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years begin in utero and last until 3 years of age. [1]
By 3 years old, children have acquired a basic vocabulary for labeling simple emotional experiences, using words such as "scared," "happy," and "mad." However, the emotional vocabulary of children grows much more rapidly during middle childhood, doubling every two years in this period before slowing down dramatically in adolescence. [ 20 ]
Typically grows at a similar rate to the previous month, usually growing between 1 and 1.5 inches (2.5 and 3.8 cm) and gaining about 2 pounds (910 g). [23] Resting heart rate is usually between 80 and 160 beats per minute, and it typically stays within that range until the infant is about one year old. [18] Motor development
The development of memory in children becomes evident within the first 2 to 3 years of a child's life as they show considerable advances in declarative memory. This enhancement continues into adolescence with major developments in short term memory, working memory, long-term memory and autobiographical memory. [21]
Between 2 and 3 years of age, the child is able to refer to themself as "me", combine nouns and verbs, use short sentences, use some simple plurals, answer "where" questions, and has a vocabulary of about 450 words. [131] By age 4, children are able to use sentences of 4–5 words and have a vocabulary of about 1000 words. [131]
Under his leadership, the Institute added a child development clinic and nursery school classrooms where they conducted research that would later accumulate into the area that would be called "Behavior Analysis of Child Development". [3] Skinner's behavioral approach and Kantor's interbehavioral approach were adopted in Bijou and Baer's model.