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Fine motor skills are the coordination of small muscle movements which occur e.g., in the fingers, usually in coordination with the eyes. In application to motor skills of hands (and fingers) the term dexterity is commonly used. The term 'dexterity' is defined by Latash and Turrey (1996) as a 'harmony in movements' (p. 20).
In early childhood, children develop the ability to gradually control movement, achieve balance and coordination and fine and gross motor skills. [8] Physical development milestones in early childhood include: Growth and control of muscles, joints, limbs etc; Fine and gross motor skills
Motor planning includes an individual's choice of movements and trajectory of such movements. Children begin to display motor planning in preference of certain body parts such as hand preference. For instance, left-handed children will start to plan how they can perform a motor skill, like throwing a ball, but execute it with their left hand.
Fine motor: the ability to control small muscles; enabling the toddler to feed themselves, draw and manipulate objects. Vision : the ability to see near and far and interpret what is seen. Hearing and speech : the ability to hear and receive information and listen ( interpret ), and the ability to understand and learn language and use it to ...
Fine motor skills can be assessed with standardized and non-standardized tests in children and adults. Fine-motor assessments can include force matching tasks. Humans exhibit a high degree of accuracy in force matching tasks where an individual is instructed to match a reference force applied to a finger with the same or different finger. [10]
Children with Down syndrome or developmental coordination disorder are late to reach major motor skills milestones like sucking, grasping, rolling, sitting up and walking, talking. Children with Down syndrome sometimes have heart problems, frequent ear infections , hypotonia , or undeveloped muscle mass.
The phrase "if you don't use it, you lose it" is a perfect way to describe these skills, they need to be continuously used. Discrete tasks such as switch gears in an automobile, grasping an object, or striking a match, usually require more fine motor skill than gross motor skills. [3] Both gross and fine motor skills can become weakened or damaged.
[38] [39] Under conditions of extra stimulation, the motor behavior of these children rapidly improved. [40] Some research has shown that the use of a treadmill can be beneficial to children with motor delays including Down syndrome and cerebral palsy. [41] Research on opportunity to respond and the building of motor development continues today.