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Diffusion cloud chamber with tracks of ionizing radiation (alpha particles) that are made visible as strings of droplets. In dosimetry, linear energy transfer (LET) is the amount of energy that an ionizing particle transfers to the material traversed per unit distance.
The Caputo fractional derivative is motivated from the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral.Let be continuous on (,), then the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral states that
When [E : F] = p 2, there may not be a primitive element (in which case there are infinitely many intermediate fields by Steinitz's theorem). The simplest example is E = F p ( T , U ) {\displaystyle E=\mathbb {F} _{p}(T,U)} , the field of rational functions in two indeterminates T and U over the finite field with p elements, and F = F p ( T p ...
The theorem is also known variously as the Hermite–Lindemann theorem and the Hermite–Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem.Charles Hermite first proved the simpler theorem where the α i exponents are required to be rational integers and linear independence is only assured over the rational integers, [4] [5] a result sometimes referred to as Hermite's theorem. [6]
This theorem forms the basis for Wiener's attack, a polynomial-time exploit of the RSA cryptographic protocol that can occur for an injudicious choice of public and private keys (specifically, this attack succeeds if the prime factors of the public key n = pq satisfy p < q < 2p and the private key d is less than (1/3)n 1/4).
In X-ray diffraction, the Rachinger correction is a method for accounting for the effect of an undesired K-alpha 2 peak in the energy spectrum. Ideally, diffraction measurements are made with X-rays of a single wavelength. Practically, the x-rays for a measurement are usually generated in an X-ray tube from a metal's K-alpha line. This ...
The 18 new players for the 48th season of the reality series include a stunt performer, a pizzeria owner, and the first contestant with a speech impediment in the show's history.
Shore's splitting theorem: Let A be recursively enumerable and regular. There exist α {\displaystyle \alpha } recursively enumerable B 0 , B 1 {\displaystyle B_{0},B_{1}} such that A = B 0 ∪ B 1 ∧ B 0 ∩ B 1 = ∅ ∧ A ≰ α B i ( i < 2 ) . {\displaystyle A=B_{0}\cup B_{1}\wedge B_{0}\cap B_{1}=\varnothing \wedge A\not \leq _{\alpha }B ...