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  2. Conical coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conical_coordinates

    Coordinate surfaces of the conical coordinates. The constants b and c were chosen as 1 and 2, respectively. The red sphere represents r = 2, the blue elliptic cone aligned with the vertical z-axis represents μ=cosh(1) and the yellow elliptic cone aligned with the (green) x-axis corresponds to ν 2 = 2/3.

  3. Spherical conic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_conic

    In mathematics, a spherical conic or sphero-conic is a curve on the sphere, the intersection of the sphere with a concentric elliptic cone. It is the spherical analog of a conic section ( ellipse , parabola , or hyperbola ) in the plane, and as in the planar case, a spherical conic can be defined as the locus of points the sum or difference of ...

  4. Alhazen's problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alhazen's_problem

    Which point on the surface of the spherical mirror can reflect a ray of light from the candle to the observer's eye?. Alhazen's problem, also known as Alhazen's billiard problem, is a mathematical problem in geometrical optics first formulated by Ptolemy in 150 AD. [1]

  5. Catenary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenary

    A chain hanging from points forms a catenary. The silk on a spider's web forming multiple elastic catenaries.. In physics and geometry, a catenary (US: / ˈ k æ t ən ɛr i / KAT-ən-err-ee, UK: / k ə ˈ t iː n ər i / kə-TEE-nər-ee) is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends in a uniform gravitational field.

  6. Conformal geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformal_geometry

    Möbius geometry is the study of "Euclidean space with a point added at infinity", or a "Minkowski (or pseudo-Euclidean) space with a null cone added at infinity".That is, the setting is a compactification of a familiar space; the geometry is concerned with the implications of preserving angles.

  7. Second-order cone programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-order_cone_programming

    The standard or unit second-order cone of dimension + is defined as + = {[] |,, ‖ ‖}. The second-order cone is also known by quadratic cone or ice-cream cone or Lorentz cone. ...

  8. Cholesteric liquid crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholesteric_liquid_crystal

    The period of this variation (the distance over which a full rotation of 360° is completed) is known as the pitch, p. This pitch determines the wavelength of light which is reflected (Bragg reflection). The technology is characterized by stable states i.e. focal conic state (dark state) and planar state (bright state).

  9. Helix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix

    A conic helix, also known as a conic spiral, may be defined as a spiral on a conic surface, with the distance to the apex an exponential function of the angle indicating direction from the axis. A curve is called a general helix or cylindrical helix [4] if its tangent makes a constant angle with a fixed line in space.