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Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) services are provided. [1] [2] The level of control varies with different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace usually imposes higher weather minimums than are applicable in uncontrolled airspace. [3] It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers the different classifications of airspace and defined dimensions within which air traffic control (ATC) service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification. Controlled airspace consists of: [14] Class A; Class B; Class C; Class D; Class E; Airspace classes in the United States
The following list shows specific aeronautical transponder codes, and ranges of codes, that have been used for specific purposes in various countries. Traditionally, each country has allocated transponder codes by their own scheme with little commonality across borders. The list is retained for historic interest.
The world's navigable airspace is divided into three-dimensional segments, each of which is assigned to a specific class. Most nations adhere to the classification specified by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and described below, though they might use only some of the classes defined below, and significantly alter the exact rules and requirements.
The United States airspace system's classification scheme is intended to maximize pilot flexibility within acceptable levels of risk appropriate to the type of operation and traffic density within that class of airspace – in particular to provide separation and active control in areas of dense or high-speed flight operations.
Control areas are established in any areas when the density of air traffic is high: [2] An airway is a case of a "control area or portion of thereof established in the form of a corridor". [3] Terminal Control Area is "a control area normally established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes." [1] [3]
The United States has 22 Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC). [1] They are operated by and are part of the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation . An ARTCC controls aircraft flying in a specified region of airspace, known as a flight information region (FIR), typically during the en route portion of flight.
Area control centers (ACCs) control IFR air traffic in their flight information region (FIR). The current list of FIRs and ACCs is maintained by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The following is the alphabetic list of all ACCs and their FIRs as of October 2011 [update] :